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Five types of heating and cooling system are  used namely: radiant ceiling for cooling and heating for the perimeter zones, in-floor slab heating for corridor, four pipes fan coil air system for the core zones, two pipes fan coil air system for LINAC zones for cooling only, and two fan coil air system for heating only for the parking zones. The building is simulated along the period of a whole year, using of building energy simulation programs, namely; EE4, eQUEST.

Energy Efficiency Measures

• Central plant gas fired modulating boiler with 88% thermal efficiency
• Radiant Floor and Radiant Ceiling
• VAV Terminal Units
• Four pipe fan coil unit
• Priority control HVAC system
• Installed number of Heat Exchangers using Pinch method to captured heat from the secondary system, exhaust air.

• The recovered heat is used as a heating source for DHW, water to air source heat pump and for snow melting devices.
• Exhaust Heat recovery ventilator
• Variable speed heating circulation pumps
• Variable speed fan
• High-efficiency energy recovery systems are controlled by CO₂ (Demand controlled ventilation)
• Drain water heat exchanger to charge the hydronic heating system
• Sensible and Latent heat recovery
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exposed wall is 26 versus MNECB R-value 19.7.
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exposed roof is 32.4 versus MNECB R-value 13.88.
• Windows are double-glazed air filled (12mm space) and thermally broken aluminum frames with U-value of 0.43 Btu/ft^{2 o}F versus MNECB U-value .56 Btu/ft^{2 o}
• Average overall effective thermal resistance (R) is 16.1 versus MNECB R-value 10.2.
• The lighting power density of the building is average 10.33 W/m² versus MNECB 12.09 W/m².
• Daylighting sensors and occupancy sensors
• Average Fenestration to Wall Ratio: Less than 40%
• Low flow plumbing fixtures throughout.

The energy simulation indicates that the building will use 56% less energy than the reference building designed to MNECB 1997 standards

The Union Station is also connected to the west wing skywalk, York street east wing and west wing pathway, Bay street east wing and west wing pathway, south York concourse, south Via concourse, south Bay concourse, and west wing lower and upper lobby. The combined area of the York and Bay street pathway is approximately 22367.40 m² (240760.80 ft²).The HVAC system is a district heating and water-cooled chiller.

 Energy Efficiency Measures

• Gas fired DHW boiler with 80% thermal efficiency
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exterior walls is 9 versus MNECB R-value 17
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the Great Hall roof is 4.3 and Concourse roof 17 versus MNECB R-value 17
• Windows are single-glazed air filled (12mm space) with low-e-coating and thermally broken aluminum frames with U-value of 1.21 Btu/ft^{2 o}F versus MNECB U-value 0.56 Btu/ft^{2 o}

The purpose of this preliminary energy analysis is to determine annual energy cost and energy consumption for the existing building based on existing building HVAC systems, lighting, receptacle load, and occupancy load and to compare the energy use of a energy bills. The results of energy simulations also suggest alternate designs that would increase the energy savings.

Energy Efficiency Measure

• Heat recovery ventilator is used on the make-up air unit (MAU) with effectiveness 85%, which significantly reduces the heating load of the outside air up to 85%.
• Ground coupled radiant heating and cooling systems
• A ground coupled heat pump with water-to-air heat hydronic pump with heating COP 5.5 and cooling COP 5
• Heat pump circulation pump type is variable speed.
• High efficiency pump motor
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exterior walls is 24 versus MNECB R-value 11.76
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exposed floor is 14 versus MNECB R-value 13.88.
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exposed roof is 30 versus MNECB R-value 13.88.

• Windows are double-glazed argon filled (12mm space) with low-e-coating and thermally broken aluminum frames with U-value of 0.29 Btu/ft^{2 o}F versus MNECB U-value .56 Btu/ft^{2 o}
• Average overall effective thermal resistance (R) is 6 versus MNECB R-value 5.1.
• The occupancy sensor in the core area and occupancy sensor with daylighting sensor in the perimeter zones control for lighting results in 35% less lighting energy than an MNECB equivalent building.
• The lighting power density of the building is average 9.02 W/m² versus MNECB 11.95 W/m².
• Average Fenestration to Wall Ratio: 22%
• Solar thermal energy system supplements fossil energy for heating of the domestic hot water and the geothermal energy system. Solar PV system provides power for public corridor lighting. Drain water heat exchanger to charge the domestic hot water system.
• Low flow plumbing fixtures throughout.
• An integrated Building Automation/ Access Control systems

The energy simulation indicates that the project will use 54% less energy than the reference project designed to MNECB 1997 standards.

The building is simulate on monthly and quarter hourly  basis along the period of a whole year, using three types of building energy simulation programs, namely Carrier HAP, eQUEST, and EnergyPlus a new generation simulation tool. The sensitivity analysis with different aspect of characteristics of walls, roof, windows, HVAC systems, air systems, thermostat temperature  set point, infiltration (different values of ACH), and different level of thermal comfort as per ASHRAE 55 are used to obtained the optimum level of energy conservation of the building.

Energy Efficiency Measures

• Building use Two Fan Dual Duct VAV Air System than the Single Duct VAV Air System.
• Zone level VAV box.
• Building use variable frequency drives circulation pump versus MNECB fixed speed drives pump.

•  Air distribution system use variable frequency drives fan motor versus MNECB fixed speed drives fan.
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exterior walls is 26 versus MNECB R-value 17.2
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exposed roof is 24 versus MNECB R-value 12.1
• Windows are double-glazed argon filled (12mm space) with low-e-coating and thermally broken aluminum frames with U-value of 0.32 Btu/ft^{2 o}F versus MNECB U-value 0.34 Btu/ft^{2 o}
• The lighting power density of the building is average 12 W/m² versus MNECB 19 W/m².
• The occupancy sensor control for lighting in the common area results in 15% less lighting energy than an MNECB equivalent building.
• The daylighting sensor located of the perimeter spaces results in 20% less lighting energy than an MNECB equivalent building.
• Low-flow faucets reduce hot water consumption.
• Fenestration to Wall Ratio: N=90, S=10, E=35, W=90

The result obtained in the sensitivity analysis indicates that the building will use 35% less energy with Two Fan Dual Duct VAV Air System than the Single Duct VAV Air System.

The existing heating system for The Region of Peel Headquarters Building is the conventional HVAC heating type.

The building is simulate on monthly and hourly  basis along the period of a whole year, using three types of building energy simulation programs, namely; Carrier HAP, eQUEST, and EE4. Three different types of heat pumps, namely; Open Loop Water Source Heat Pump, Closed Loop Water Source Heat Pump, and Ground Source Heat Pump, were used to determine the efficiency and viability of three proposed HVAC System with the existing infrastructure. MNECB/CBIP, ASHRAE 90.1-1999, & 2004 building compliance was used for determining the key elements for analyzing the building components, providing recommendations for an energy efficient building.

Energy Efficiency Measures

• Two Fan Single Duct VAV central air handling unit.
• Air distribution system and  cooling tower use variable frequency drives fan motor versus MNECB fixed speed drives fan motor

• Zone level VAV box
• Heat recovery ventilator is used on the central air handling unit (AHU) with effectiveness 75%, which significantly reduces the heating load of the outside air up to 75%.
• Gas fired boiler with 82% thermal efficiency
• Internal solar shading devices are used outside windows.
• A water-cooled chiller with EER 14 is used with multistage reciprocating compressors.
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exterior walls is 12 versus MNECB R-value 17.2
• The average thermal resistance (R) of the exposed roof is 25 versus MNECB R-value 12.1
• Windows are double-glazed air filled (12mm space) with low-e-coating and thermally broken aluminum frames with U-value of 0.40 Btu/ft^{2 o}F versus MNECB U-value 0.34 Btu/ft^{2 o}
• The occupancy sensor control for lighting in the common area results in 15% less lighting energy than an MNECB equivalent building.
• The lighting power density of the building is average 11 W/m² versus MNECB 18 W/m².
• Fenestration to Wall Ratio: N=42, S=41, E=48, W=41

The improvement from the conventional HVAC system to implementation of an Open Loop Water Source Heat Pump resulted in 75 % energy cost savings for the Region of Peel Headquarters Building. The percentage contribution of CO₂ was reduced by 78 %.